Query to create a counter

[Björn Döhring]

I would like through a simple query within a query result a counter depending on an ID (duplicates) within an ID.

for example a table looks like that:
+--+
|ID|
+--+
|1 |
|1 |
|1 |
|2 |
|2 |
|3 |
|4 |
|4 |
|5 |
|5 |
|5 |
+--+
Desired result after the query:

+--+-------+
|ID| Zähler|
+--+-------+
|1 | 1 |
|1 | 2 |
|1 | 3 |
|2 | 1 |
|2 | 2 |
|3 | 1 |
|4 | 1 |
|4 | 2 |
|5 | 1 |
|5 | 2 |
|5 | 3 |
+--+-------+

How can I use a query to create such a counter within an ID?