I can reproduce the problem in 5.7 and in 8.0. Match returns 0 for all but ending substrings. Why, I dunno. Probably someone who knows more about fulltext will spot the difficulty. To simplify, a test table & query, innodb_ft_min_token_size is set to 1 less than your shortest target substring length ...
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `tft`;
CREATE TABLE `tft` (
`f1` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
`tenant_id` varchar(64) DEFAULT NULL,
`F_400011_0` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`f1`),
FULLTEXT KEY `F_400011_0` (`F_400011_0`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `tft` VALUES
('client_5_009eda6c-dd43-4cd8-83c6-3899afcccf62','client_5','vapp148-sjc'),
('client_5_00a57d10-d688-45de-8182-c7a23a6d7594','client_5','vapi147-sjc');
select * from tft;
+-----------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------+
| f1 | tenant_id | F_400011_0 |
+-----------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------+
| client_5_009eda6c-dd43-4cd8-83c6-3899afcccf62 | client_5 | vapp148-sjc |
| client_5_00a57d10-d688-45de-8182-c7a23a6d7594 | client_5 | vapi147-sjc |
+-----------------------------------------------+-----------+-------------+
select @@innodb_ft_min_token_size;
+----------------------------+
| @@innodb_ft_min_token_size |
+----------------------------+
| 2 |
+----------------------------+
select
f_400011_0,
f_400011_0 like '%sjc' as likesjc,
match (f_400011_0) against ('sjc' in natural language mode) as matchsjc,
f_400011_0 like '%148%' as like148,
match (f_400011_0) against ('148' in natural language mode) as match148,
f_400011_0 like 'vapp%' as likevapp,
match (f_400011_0) against ('vapp' in natural language mode) as matchvapp
from tft
where tenant_id = 'client_5' ;
+-------------+---------+----------------------------+---------+----------+----------+-----------+
| f_400011_0 | likesjc | matchsjc | like148 | match148 | likevapp | matchvapp |
+-------------+---------+----------------------------+---------+----------+----------+-----------+
| vapp148-sjc | 1 | 0.000000001885928302414186 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| vapi147-sjc | 1 | 0.000000001885928302414186 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
+-------------+---------+----------------------------+---------+----------+----------+-----------+